The human mouth, or oral cavity, is at the crossroads of our external and internal environments, and it is increasingly evident that local colonization of dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) tissues and cells by bacteria and viruses may also have systemic effects across myriad diseases and disorders. Better understanding of this phenomenon will require a holistic understanding of host-microbial interactions in both spatiotemporal and biogeographical contexts while also considering person-, organ-, tissue-, cell-, and molecular-level variation. After the acute phase interaction with microbes, the establishment of site-specific reservoirs constitutes an important relationship to understand within the human body; however, despite a preliminary understanding of how viral reservoirs originate and persist across the human body, the landscape of single-cell and spatial multiomic tools has challenged our current understanding of what cells and niches can support microbial reservoirs. The lack of complete understanding impacts research into these relevant topics and implementing precision care for microbial-induced or microbial-influenced diseases. Here, via the lens of acute and chronic microbial infections of the DOC tissues, the goal of this review is to highlight and link the emerging spatiotemporal biogeography of host-viral interactomics at 3 levels: (1) DOC cell types in distinct tissues, (2) DOC-associated microbes, and (3) niche-specific DOC pathologies. Further, we will focus on the impact of postacute infectious syndromes such as long COVID, neurodegenerative disorders, and other underappreciated postviral conditions. We will provide hypotheses about how DOC tissues may play roles systemically in these conditions. Throughout, we will underscore how COVID-19 has catalyzed a new understanding of these biological questions, discuss future directions to study these phenomena, and highlight the utility of noninvasive oral biofluids in screening, monitoring, and intervening to prevent and/or ameliorate human infectious diseases.

中文翻译：

---

牙齿、口腔和颅面微生物库的生物地理影响。

人类口腔或口腔处于外部和内部环境的十字路口，越来越明显的是，细菌和病毒对牙齿、口腔和颅面 (DOC) 组织和细胞的局部定植也可能对整个系统产生系统性影响。无数的疾病和失调。为了更好地理解这种现象，需要全面了解时空和生物地理背景下的宿主-微生物相互作用，同时还要考虑人、器官、组织、细胞和分子水平的变化。在与微生物发生急性期相互作用后，特定位点储存库的建立构成了人体内需要了解的重要关系；然而，尽管对病毒储存库如何在人体中产生和持续存在有了初步了解，但单细胞和空间多组学工具的前景挑战了我们目前对哪些细胞和生态位可以支持微生物储存库的理解。缺乏完整的理解会影响对这些相关主题的研究以及对微生物引起或微生物影响的疾病实施精准护理。在这里，通过 DOC 组织的急性和慢性微生物感染的镜头，本次综述的目的是在 3 个层面上强调和联系宿主-病毒相互作用组学的新兴时空生物地理学：(1) 不同组织中的 DOC 细胞类型，( 2) DOC 相关微生物，以及 (3) 生态位特异性 DOC 病理学。此外，我们将重点关注急性感染后综合症的影响，例如长期新冠病毒、神经退行性疾病和其他未被充分认识的病毒后病症。我们将提供有关 DOC 组织如何在这些条件下系统发挥作用的假设。在整个过程中，我们将强调 COVID-19 如何促进对这些生物学问题的新理解，讨论研究这些现象的未来方向，并强调无创口腔生物液在筛查、监测和干预以预防和/或改善人类传染病方面的效用疾病。