Capturing CO₂ from air (DAC) is becoming an attractive technological route to face the climate crisis. This paper reviews the existing research efforts to integrate DAC with conversion technologies to transform the captured CO₂ into chemicals or fuels. The approach can potentially lead to net zero carbon emissions, thus being of interest in a circular economy framework. A growing amount of research has been devoted to the combination of DAC with CO₂ conversion, leading to creative strategies which start to be scaled up. In this review, we have critically analysed the existing approaches by the degree of process integration. From the point of view of process intensification, the integration of both capture and reaction in the same vessel can potentially lead to equipment and energy cost savings besides other synergistic effects. In this vessel, the DAC and conversion can occur either in consecutive stages with change of feed or spontaneously in a cascade reaction without changing the conditions. As a side effect, the benefits entailed by process intensification in different levels of integration may be a decisive driving force for the widespread deployment of DAC. This paper discusses the ongoing research and perspectives to guide researchers in this promising new field.

从空气中捕获CO ₂ (DAC) 正在成为应对气候危机的一条有吸引力的技术路线。本文回顾了将DAC 与转化技术相结合以将捕获的CO ₂转化为化学品或燃料的现有研究工作。该方法有可能实现净零碳排放，因此在循环经济框架中很有意义。越来越多的研究致力于将 DAC 与 CO ₂转化相结合，从而导致创造性策略开始扩大规模。在本次审查中，我们根据流程集成程度对现有方法进行了批判性分析。从过程强化的角度来看，除了其他协同效应外，将捕获和反应集成在同一容器中还可能导致设备和能源成本的节省。在该容器中，DAC 和转化可以在改变进料的连续阶段中发生，也可以在不改变条件的情况下在级联反应中自发发生。作为副作用，不同集成级别的流程强化所带来的好处可能是 DAC 广泛部署的决定性驱动力。本文讨论了正在进行的研究和观点，以指导研究人员在这个充满希望的新领域。