Wearable devices are integrated analytical units equipped with sensitive physical, chemical, and biological sensors capable of noninvasive and continuous monitoring of vital physiological parameters. Recent advances in disciplines including electronics, computation, and material science have resulted in affordable and highly sensitive wearable devices that are routinely used for tracking and managing health and well-being. Combined with longitudinal monitoring of physiological parameters, wearables are poised to transform the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment/management of a range of clinical conditions. Smartwatches are the most commonly used wearable devices and have already demonstrated valuable biomedical potential in detecting clinical conditions such as arrhythmias, Lyme disease, inflammation, and, more recently, COVID-19 infection. Despite significant clinical promise shown in research settings, there remain major hurdles in translating the medical uses of wearables to the clinic. There is a clear need for more effective collaboration among stakeholders, including users, data scientists, clinicians, payers, and governments, to improve device security, user privacy, data standardization, regulatory approval, and clinical validity. This review examines the potential of wearables to offer affordable and reliable measures of physiological status that are on par with FDA-approved specialized medical devices. We briefly examine studies where wearables proved critical for the early detection of acute and chronic clinical conditions with a particular focus on cardiovascular disease, viral infections, and mental health. Finally, we discuss current obstacles to the clinical implementation of wearables and provide perspectives on their potential to deliver increasingly personalized proactive health care across a wide variety of conditions.

中文翻译：

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可穿戴设备：对精准医疗和医疗保健未来的影响

可穿戴设备是集成分析单元，配备敏感的物理、化学和生物传感器，能够无创地连续监测重要的生理参数。电子、计算和材料科学等学科的最新进展催生了价格实惠且高度敏感的可穿戴设备，这些设备通常用于跟踪和管理健康和福祉。与生理参数的纵向监测相结合，可穿戴设备有望改变一系列临床病症的早期检测、诊断和治疗/管理。智能手表是最常用的可穿戴设备，在检测心律失常、莱姆病、炎症以及最近的 COVID-19 感染等临床病症方面已经展现出宝贵的生物医学潜力。尽管研究环境显示出显着的临床前景，但将可穿戴设备的医疗用途转化为临床仍存在重大障碍。利益相关者（包括用户、数据科学家、临床医生、付款人和政府）之间显然需要更有效的合作，以提高设备安全性、用户隐私、数据标准化、监管审批和临床有效性。本次审查探讨了可穿戴设备提供经济实惠且可靠的生理状态测量的潜力，这些测量与 FDA 批准的专用医疗设备相当。我们简要回顾了一些研究，在这些研究中，可穿戴设备被证明对于早期检测急性和慢性临床疾病至关重要，特别关注心血管疾病、病毒感染和心理健康。最后，我们讨论了可穿戴设备临床实施的当前障碍，并就可穿戴设备在各种条件下提供日益个性化的主动医疗保健的潜力提供了观点。