With the rapidly growing availability of scalable psychological assessments, personality science holds great promise for the scientific study and applied use of customized behavior-change interventions. To facilitate this development, we propose a classification system that divides psychological targeting into two approaches that differ in the process by which interventions are designed: audience-to-content matching or content-to-audience matching. This system is both integrative and generative: It allows us to (a) integrate existing research on personalized interventions from different psychological subdisciplines (e.g., political, educational, organizational, consumer, and clinical and health psychology) and to (b) articulate open questions that generate promising new avenues for future research. Our objective is to infuse personality science into intervention research and encourage cross-disciplinary collaborations within and outside of psychology. To ensure the development of personality-customized interventions aligns with the broader interests of individuals (and society at large), we also address important ethical considerations for the use of psychological targeting (e.g., privacy, self-determination, and equity) and offer concrete guidelines for researchers and practitioners.

中文翻译：

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数字时代的人格科学：大规模个性化行为改变干预措施的心理目标的前景和挑战。

随着可扩展的心理评估的迅速增长，人格科学为定制行为改变干预措施的科学研究和应用带来了巨大的希望。为了促进这一发展，我们提出了一个分类系统，将心理定位分为两种在干预设计过程中不同的方法：受众与内容匹配或内容与受众匹配。这个系统既是综合性的又是生成性的：它使我们能够（a）整合来自不同心理学分支（例如政治、教育、组织、消费者、临床和健康心理学）的个性化干预的现有研究，并（b）阐明开放性问题为未来的研究带来有希望的新途径。我们的目标是将人格科学融入干预研究，并鼓励心理学内外的跨学科合作。为了确保个性化定制干预措施的发展符合个人（以及整个社会）的更广泛利益，我们还讨论了使用心理目标（例如隐私、自决和公平）的重要伦理考虑因素，并提供了具体的建议研究人员和从业人员的指南。