Microwave electric field (MW E-field) sensing is important for a wide range of applications in the areas of remote sensing, radar astronomy and communications. Over the past decade, Rydberg atoms have been used in ultrasensitive, wide broadband, traceable, stealthy MW E-field sensing because of their exaggerated response to MW E-fields, plentiful optional energy levels and integratable preparation methods. This review first introduces the basic concepts of quantum sensing, the properties of Rydberg atoms and the principles of quantum sensing of MW E-fields with Rydberg atoms. An overview of this very active research direction is gradually expanding, covering the progress of sensitivity and bandwidth in Rydberg atom-based microwave sensing, superheterodyne quantum sensing with microwave-dressed Rydberg atoms, quantum-enhanced sensing of MW E-field and recent advanced quantum measurement systems and approaches to further improve the performance of MW E-field sensing. Finally, a brief outlook on future development directions is provided.

中文翻译：

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基于里德伯原子的微波电场量子传感


微波电场（MW E-field）传感对于遥感、雷达天文学和通信领域的广泛应用非常重要。在过去的十年中，里德伯原子因其对MW电场的夸张响应、丰富的可选能级和可集成的制备方法而被用于超灵敏、宽宽带、可追踪、隐形MW电场传感。本文首先介绍了量子传感的基本概念、里德伯原子的性质以及里德伯原子中波电场量子传感的原理。对这一非常活跃的研究方向的概述正在逐渐扩大，涵盖基于里德伯原子的微波传感、微波修饰里德伯原子的超外差量子传感、MW电场的量子增强传感以及最近先进的量子传感在灵敏度和带宽方面的进展。进一步提高微波电场传感性能的测量系统和方法。最后对未来的发展方向进行了简要展望。