Stress generation theory initially posited that depression elevates risk for some stressful events (i.e., dependent events) but not others (i.e., independent events). This preregistered meta-analytic review examined whether stress generation occurs transdiagnostically by examining 95 longitudinal studies with 38,228 participants (537 total effect sizes) from over 30 years of research. Our multilevel meta-analyses found evidence of stress generation across a broad range of psychopathology, as evidenced by significantly larger prospective effects for dependent (overall psychopathology: r = .23) than independent (overall psychopathology: r = .10) stress. We also identified unique patterns of effects across specific types of psychopathology. For example, effects were larger for depression than anxiety. Furthermore, effects were sometimes larger in studies with younger participants, shorter time lags between assessments, checklist measures of stress, and for interpersonal stressors. Finally, a multilevel meta-analytic structural equation model suggested that dependent stress exacerbates psychopathology symptoms over time (β = .04), possibly contributing to chronicity. Interventions targeting the prevention of stress generation may mitigate chronic psychopathology. Conclusions of this study are limited by the predominance of depression effect sizes in the literature and our review of only English language articles. On the other hand, the findings are strengthened by rigorous inclusion criteria, lack of publication bias, and absence of moderating effects by publication year. The latter underscores the replicability of the stress generation effect over the last 30 years. Taken together, the review provides robust evidence that stress generation is a cross-diagnostic phenomenon that contributes to a vicious cycle of increasing stress and psychopathology. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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精神病理学和压力生活事件的恶性循环：测试压力产生模型的荟萃分析评论。

压力产生理论最初认为抑郁症会增加某些压力事件（即相关事件）的风险，但不会增加其他压力事件（即独立事件）的风险。这项预先注册的荟萃分析综述通过检查 30 多年研究中涉及 38,228 名参与者的 95 项纵向研究（537 个总效应量）来检验压力的产生是否跨诊断发生。我们的多层次荟萃分析发现了在广泛的精神病理学范围内产生压力的证据，依赖性压力（总体精神病理学：r = .23）的预期效应明显大于独立压力（总体精神病理学：r = .10）的预期效果就证明了这一点。我们还确定了特定类型的精神病理学的独特影响模式。例如，对抑郁的影响比对焦虑的影响更大。此外，在针对年轻参与者的研究中，评估之间的时间间隔更短，压力清单测量以及人际压力源的影响有时更大。最后，多级荟萃分析结构方程模型表明，随着时间的推移，依赖性压力会加剧精神病理学症状 (β = .04)，可能会导致慢性化。针对预防压力产生的干预措施可能会减轻慢性精神病理学。这项研究的结论受到文献中抑郁效应大小的主导地位以及我们仅对英文文章的评论的限制。另一方面，严格的纳入标准、缺乏出版偏见以及缺乏出版年份的调节作用也强化了研究结果。后者强调了过去 30 年压力产生效应的可复制性。总而言之，该综述提供了强有力的证据，表明压力产生是一种交叉诊断现象，会导致压力增加和精神病理学的恶性循环。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。