Shortly after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and initiation of insulin therapy, many patients experience a transient partial remission (PR) phase, also known as the honeymoon phase. This phase presents a potential therapeutic opportunity due to its association with immunoregulatory and β cell-protective mechanisms. However, the lack of biomarkers makes its characterization difficult. In this review, we cover the current literature addressing the discovery of new predictive and monitoring biomarkers that contribute to the understanding of the metabolic, epigenetic, and immunological mechanisms underlying PR. We further discuss how these peripheral biomarkers reflect attempts to arrest β cell autoimmunity and how these can be applied in clinical practice.

在诊断 1 型糖尿病 (T1DM) 并开始胰岛素治疗后不久，许多患者会经历短暂的部分缓解 (PR) 阶段，也称为蜜月期。由于该阶段与免疫调节和 β 细胞保护机制相关，因此提供了潜在的治疗机会。然而，生物标志物的缺乏使得其表征变得困难。在这篇综述中，我们涵盖了当前的文献，这些文献涉及新的预测和监测生物标志物的发现，这些生物标志物有助于理解 PR 背后的代谢、表观遗传和免疫学机制。我们进一步讨论这些外周生物标志物如何反映阻止β细胞自身免疫的尝试以及如何将它们应用于临床实践。