Emotion dysregulation is linked to differences in frontoparietal (FPN) and default mode (DMN) brain network functioning. These differences may be identifiable early in development. Temperamental negative affectivity has been identified as a precursor to later emotion dysregulation, though the underlying neurodevelopmental mechanism is unknown. The present study explores concurrent and prospective associations between FPN and DMN network connectivity in infants and measures of negative affectivity. 72 infants underwent 5.03–13.28 minutes of resting state fMRI during natural sleep (M±SD age=4.90±0.84 weeks; 54% male; usable data=9.92±2.15 minutes). FPN and DMN intra- and internetwork connectivity were computed using adult network assignments. Crying was obtained from both parent-report and day-long audio recordings. Temperamental negative affectivity was obtained from a parent-reported questionnaire. In this preregistered study, based on analyses conducted with a subset of this data (N=32), we hypothesized that greater functional connectivity within and between FPN and DMN would be associated with greater negative affectivity. In the full sample we did not find support for these hypotheses. Instead, greater DMN intranetwork connectivity at age one month was associated with lower concurrent parent-reported crying and temperamental negative affectivity at age six months (ßs>-0.35, ps<.025), but not crying at age six months. DMN intranetwork connectivity was also negatively associated with internalizing symptoms at eighteen-months (ß=-0.58, p=.012). FPN intra- and internetwork connectivity was not associated with negative affectivity measures after accounting for covariates. This work furthers a neurodevelopmental model of emotion dysregulation by suggesting that infant functional connectivity at rest is associated with later emotional functioning.

情绪失调与额顶叶（FPN）和默认模式（DMN）大脑网络功能的差异有关。这些差异可能在开发早期就可以识别。尽管潜在的神经发育机制尚不清楚，但气质性负面情感已被认为是后来情绪失调的先兆。本研究探讨了婴儿 FPN 和 DMN 网络连接之间的并发和前瞻性关联以及消极情感的测量。72 名婴儿在自然睡眠期间接受了 5.03–13.28 分钟的静息态 fMRI（M±SD 年龄=4.90±0.84 周；54% 男性；可用数据=9.92±2.15 分钟）。FPN 和 DMN 内部和网络间连接性使用成人网络分配进行计算。从家长报告和一整天的录音中获得了哭声。气质负面情绪是从家长报告的问卷中获得的。在这项预先注册的研究中，基于对部分数据 (N=32) 进行的分析，我们假设 FPN 和 DMN 内部和之间更大的功能连接将与更大的负面情感相关。在完整的样本中，我们没有找到对这些假设的支持。相反，一月龄时更大的 DMN 网络内连接与六个月时父母报告的并发哭泣和气质负面情绪较低相关（ßs>-0.35，ps<.025），但与六个月时的哭泣无关。DMN 网络内连接性也与 18 个月时的内化症状呈负相关（ß=-0.58，p=.012）。考虑协变量后，FPN 内部和网络连接与负面情感测量无关。这项工作通过表明婴儿休息时的功能连接与以后的情绪功能相关，进一步推进了情绪失调的神经发育模型。