Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are common covalent processes in biochemical pathways that alter protein function and activity. These modifications occur through proteolytic cleavage or attachment of modifying groups, such as phosphoryl, methyl, glycosyl, or acetyl groups, with one or more amino acid residues of a single protein. Some PTMs also present crosstalk abilities that affect both protein functionality and structure, creating new proteoforms. Any alteration in organism homeostasis may be a cancer hallmark. Cataloging PTMs and consequently, emerging proteoforms, present new therapeutic targets, approaches, and opportunities to discover additional discriminatory biomarkers in disease diagnostics. In this review, we focus on experimentally confirmed PTMs and their potential crosstalk in glioma research to introduce new opportunities for this tumor type, which emerge within the PTMomics area.

翻译后修饰 (PTM) 是生化途径中常见的共价过程，可改变蛋白质的功能和活性。这些修饰通过蛋白水解裂解或修饰基团（例如磷酰基、甲基、糖基或乙酰基）与单一蛋白质的一个或多个氨基酸残基的连接而发生。一些 PTM 还具有影响蛋白质功能和结构的串扰能力，从而产生新的蛋白质形式。有机体稳态的任何改变都可能是癌症的标志。对 PTM 以及随之而来的新兴蛋白质形式进行编目，提供了新的治疗靶点、方法以及在疾病诊断中发现其他歧视性生物标志物的机会。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注经实验证实的 PTM 及其在神经胶质瘤研究中的潜在串扰，为 PTM 组学领域中出现的这种肿瘤类型引入新的机会。