Rumination is a significant risk factor for psychopathology in adolescent girls and is associated with heightened and prolonged physiological arousal following social rejection. However, no study has examined how rumination relates to neural responses to social rejection in adolescent girls; thus, the current study aimed to address this gap. Adolescent girls (N = 116; ages 16.95–19.09) self-reported on their rumination tendency and completed a social evaluation fMRI task where they received fictitious feedback (acceptance, rejection) from peers they liked or disliked. Rejection-related neural activity and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) connectivity were regressed on rumination, controlling for rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Rumination was associated with distinctive neural responses following rejection from liked peers including increased neural activity in the precuneus, inferior parietal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and supplementary motor area (SMA) and reduced sgACC connectivity with multiple regions including medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. Greater precuneus and SMA activity mediated the effect of rumination on slower response time to report emotional state after receiving rejection from liked peers. These findings provide clues for distinctive cognitive processes (e.g., mentalizing, conflict processing, memory encoding) following the receipt of rejection in girls with high levels of rumination.

反刍是青春期女孩精神病理学的一个重要危险因素，并且与社会排斥后生理唤醒的增强和延长有关。然而，还没有研究探讨反刍思维与青春期女孩对社会拒绝的神经反应之间的关系。因此，当前的研究旨在解决这一差距。青春期女孩（N = 116；年龄 16.95–19.09）自我报告她们的沉思倾向，并完成一项社会评估功能磁共振成像任务，在该任务中她们从喜欢或不喜欢的同龄人那里收到了虚构的反馈（接受、拒绝）。与拒绝相关的神经活动和膝下前扣带皮层（sgACC）连接在沉思时回归，控制拒绝敏感性和抑郁症状。反刍与被喜欢的同伴拒绝后的独特神经反应相关，包括楔前叶、顶下回、背外侧前额叶皮层和辅助运动区（SMA）的神经活动增加，以及与内侧前额叶皮层、楔前叶和腹外侧等多个区域的 sgACC 连接减少前额皮质。较大的楔前叶和 SMA 活动介导了沉思对受到喜欢的同龄人拒绝后报告情绪状态的较慢反应时间的影响。这些发现为具有高度沉思的女孩在遭受拒绝后的独特认知过程（例如，心理化、冲突处理、记忆编码）提供了线索。