The present white paper concerns the indications and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community to make progress in filling the gaps of knowledge that prevent us from answering the question: “How Do Gravity Alterations Affect Animal and Human Systems at a Cellular/Tissue Level?” This is one of the five major scientific issues of the ESA roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments”. Despite the many studies conducted so far on spaceflight adaptation mechanisms and related pathophysiological alterations observed in astronauts, we are not yet able to elaborate a synthetic integrated model of the many changes occurring at different system and functional levels. Consequently, it is difficult to develop credible models for predicting long-term consequences of human adaptation to the space environment, as well as to implement medical support plans for long-term missions and a strategy for preventing the possible health risks due to prolonged exposure to spaceflight beyond the low Earth orbit (LEO). The research activities suggested by the scientific community have the aim to overcome these problems by striving to connect biological and physiological aspects in a more holistic view of space adaptation effects.

本白皮书涉及 SciSpacE 科学界的指示和建议，以在填补阻碍我们回答以下问题的知识空白方面取得进展：“重力改变如何在细胞/组织水平上影响动物和人类系统？” 这是欧空局路线图“太空和模拟环境中的生物学”的五个主要科学问题之一。尽管迄今为止对宇航员的航天适应机制和相关病理生理变化进行了许多研究，但我们尚无法详细阐述不同系统和功能水平上发生的许多变化的综合集成模型。因此，很难建立可靠的模型来预测人类适应太空环境的长期后果，也很难实施长期任务的医疗保障计划和预防因长期暴露于太空而可能出现的健康风险的策略。低地球轨道（LEO）以外的太空飞行。科学界建议的研究活动旨在通过更全面地看待空间适应效应，努力将生物学和生理学方面联系起来，从而克服这些问题。