Root nodule development plays a vital role in establishing the mutualistic relationship between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Two primary processes are involved in nodule development: formative cell divisions in the root cortex and the subsequent differentiation of nodule cells. The first process involves the mitotic reactivation of differentiated root cortex cells to form nodule primordium after perceiving symbiotic signals. The second process enables the nascent nodule primordium cells to develop into various cell types, leading to the creation of a functional nodule capable of supporting nitrogen fixation. Thus, both division and differentiation of nodule cells are crucial for root nodule development. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in comprehending the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying symbiotic nodule development in legumes.

根瘤发育对于建立豆科植物与固氮根瘤菌之间的互利关系起着至关重要的作用。根瘤发育涉及两个主要过程：根皮层中的形成细胞分裂和随后的根瘤细胞分化。第一个过程涉及分化的根皮层细胞在感知共生信号后重新激活有丝分裂，形成根瘤原基。第二个过程使新生的根瘤原基细胞发育成各种细胞类型，从而形成能够支持固氮的功能性根瘤。因此，根瘤细胞的分裂和分化对于根瘤的发育至关重要。这篇综述概述了理解豆科植物共生根瘤发育的细胞和分子机制的最新进展。