New investments in conservation are needed to halt and reverse the rapid and extensive changes to ecosystems driven by growing human demands for natural resources. A major barrier is matching viable financing solutions to conservation projects. Recent conservation finance studies catalog available financing options but do not provide adequate guidance on which financing pathways are suitable for a particular conservation project. Studies in the natural capital literature identify activities that best serve the conservator's objectives but typically fail to address the question of how to pay for them. We attempt to bridge these literature sources by providing a framework for identifying the specific conditions that must be satisfied by a project in order for an existing financing mechanism to be viable. Notably, our framework quickly reveals financing approaches that can be eliminated. We demonstrate the utility of this approach through conservation case studies on establishment of native forests, coral reef restoration, oyster restoration, and island biosecurity.

中文翻译：

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如何支付生态系统服务费用

人类对自然资源的需求不断增长，导致生态系统发生快速而广泛的变化，需要在保护方面进行新的投资，以制止和扭转这种变化。一个主要障碍是将可行的融资解决方案与保护项目相匹配。最近的保护融资研究列出了可用的融资方案，但没有就哪些融资途径适合特定的保护项目提供充分的指导。自然资本文献中的研究确定了最能服务于保护者目标的活动，但通常无法解决如何为其支付费用的问题。我们试图通过提供一个框架来确定项目必须满足的具体条件，以使现有的融资机制可行，从而弥合这些文献来源。值得注意的是，我们的框架很快揭示了可以消除的融资方法。我们通过关于建立原生森林、珊瑚礁恢复、牡蛎恢复和岛屿生物安全的保护案例研究展示了这种方法的实用性。