We test for gender bias in promotions at financial institutions using two central predictions of Becker’s (1957, 1993) model: firms with bias will (1) raise the promotion bar for marginally promoted female workers, and (2) incur costs from forgoing efficient employment practices. We find support for both of these predictions using a new nationwide panel of mortgage loan officers and their managers encompassing approximately 72,000 workers from over 1,000 shadow banks from 2014 to 2019. Overall, our findings provide evidence that gender bias is an important factor in gender gaps at financial institutions.

中文翻译：

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晋升中的性别偏见：来自金融机构的证据

我们使用贝克尔（1957，1993）模型的两个核心预测来测试金融机构晋升中的性别偏见：有偏见的公司将（1）提高边缘晋升的女性员工的晋升标准，（2）因放弃高效就业而付出代价做法。我们通过一个由 2014 年至 2019 年间来自 1,000 多家影子银行的约 72,000 名员工组成的新的全国抵押贷款官员及其经理小组找到了对这两个预测的支持。总体而言，我们的研究结果提供了证据，表明性别偏见是性别差距的一个重要因素在金融机构。