Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.

最近，omega-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 LC-PUFA）由于其特定的结构和生物功能而引起了人们的极大兴趣。人类无法自然产生这些脂肪酸 (FA)，因此从饮食中获取它们至关重要。这篇全面的综述详细介绍了 n-3 LC-PUFA 及其在促进和维持最佳健康方面的作用。该文章全面分析了 n-3 LC-PUFA 的几种来源及其各自的生物利用度，涵盖海洋、微生物和植物来源。此外，我们还深入分析了 n-3 LC-PUFA 对健康状况的生物学影响，特别是心血管疾病 (CVD)、胃肠道 (GI) 癌症、糖尿病、抑郁症、关节炎和认知。此外，我们强调了在功能性食品和膳食补充剂中强化和补充 n-3 LC-PUFA 的重要性。此外，我们对目前市场上出售的几种 n-3 LC-PUFA 补充剂进行了详细分析，包括评估其推荐摄入量、安全性和有效性。还强调了与 n-3 LC-PUFA 相关的膳食指南，重点关注保持均衡的 n-3 PUFA 摄入量对于增强健康益处的重要性。最后，我们强调了该领域进一步研究的未来方向及其对公共卫生的潜在影响。