The quest to understand how the development of the brain supports the development of complex cognitive functions is fueled by advances in cognitive neuroscience methods. Intracranial EEG (iEEG) recorded directly from the developing human brain provides unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for mapping the neurophysiological mechanisms supporting cognitive development. In this paper, we focus on episodic memory, the ability to remember detailed information about past experiences, which improves from childhood into adulthood. We review memory effects based on broadband spectral power and emphasize the importance of isolating narrowband oscillations from broadband activity to determine mechanisms of neural coordination within and between brain regions. We then review evidence of developmental variability in neural oscillations and present emerging evidence linking the development of neural oscillations to the development of memory. We conclude by proposing that the development of oscillations increases the precision of neural coordination and may be an essential factor underlying memory development. More broadly, we demonstrate how recording neural activity directly from the developing brain holds immense potential to advance our understanding of cognitive development.

认知神经科学方法的进步推动了对大脑发育如何支持复杂认知功能发展的探索。直接从发育中的人类大脑记录的颅内脑电图 (iEEG) 提供了前所未有的空间和时间分辨率，用于绘制支持认知发展的神经生理机制。在本文中，我们关注情景记忆，即记住过去经历的详细信息的能力，这种能力从童年到成年都会得到改善。我们回顾了基于宽带光谱功率的记忆效应，并强调将窄带振荡与宽带活动隔离以确定大脑区域内部和之间的神经协调机制的重要性。然后，我们回顾了神经振荡发展变异性的证据，并提出了将神经振荡发展与记忆发展联系起来的新证据。我们的结论是，振荡的发展提高了神经协调的精确度，并且可能是记忆发展的一个重要因素。更广泛地说，我们证明了直接记录发育中的大脑的神经活动如何具有促进我们对认知发展的理解的巨大潜力。