Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) play pivotal roles in plant salinity resistance; however, difficulties are still exist in ascertaining their synergistic effects in counteracting legume soil salinity. Here, two peanut cultivars (salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive) were subjected to salinity stress, and the alleviation effects of combined microbial agent (CMA, inoculation with AMF + application with LP) on peanut salinity tolerance have been comprehensively characterized. CMA significantly enhanced the biomass production, leaf relative water content, increased the net photosynthetic rate, the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and strengthened the antioxidant system, while dramatically decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid peroxidation and relative electrolyte conductivity under salinity conditions. Moreover, transcriptional and metabolomic evidence advocated that a subset of stress-responsive pathways involved in plant growth (e.g. sucrose and starch), photosystem, antioxidant response, signal transduction (e.g. phytohormone and MAPK), osmotic homeostasis (e.g. total soluble sugar and amino acids) and root metabolism (e.g. asparagine and phenylpropanoid) have been regulated by CMA. Taken together, the physiological, transcriptional and metabolomic results indicate that CMA could induce peanut salinity tolerance through increasing plant growth performance, maintaining photosynthetic apparatus integrity, enhancing antioxidant system and regulating root metabolism. This study provides a promising CMA product and would be important for deepening the knowledge of the mechanisms regarding bacterial–fungal interactions.

中文翻译：

---

丛枝菌根真菌和植物乳杆菌在花生抗盐胁迫中的生理、转录和代谢组学证据

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和植物乳杆菌（LP）在植物抗盐性中发挥着关键作用；然而，确定它们在对抗豆科植物土壤盐碱化方面的协同效应仍然存在困难。本研究以耐盐和盐敏两个花生品种为研究对象，对其进行盐胁迫，综合表征了组合微生物剂（CMA、接种AMF+施用LP）对花生耐盐性的缓解效果。CMA显着提高了生物量产量、叶片相对含水量，提高了净光合速率、光系统II（PSII）最大光化学效率并增强了抗氧化系统，同时显着降低了活性氧（ROS）积累、脂质过氧化和相对水含量。盐度条件下电解质的电导率。此外，转录和代谢组学证据表明，应激反应途径的一部分涉及植物生长（例如蔗糖和淀粉）、光系统、抗氧化反应、信号转导（例如植物激素和MAPK）、渗透稳态（例如总可溶性糖和氨基酸） ）和根代谢（例如天冬酰胺和苯丙素）均受 CMA 调节。综上所述，生理、转录和代谢组学结果表明，CMA可以通过提高植物生长性能、维持光合机构完整性、增强抗氧化系统和调节根系代谢来诱导花生耐盐性。这项研究提供了一种有前景的 CMA 产品，对于加深对细菌-真菌相互作用机制的了解非常重要。