Mpox, previously known as monkeypox, is caused by an Orthopoxvirus related to the variola virus that causes smallpox. Prior to 2022, mpox was considered a zoonotic disease endemic to central and west Africa. Since May 2022, more than 86,000 cases of mpox from 110 countries have been identified across the world, predominantly in men who have sex with men, most often acquired through close physical contact or during sexual activity. The classical clinical presentation of mpox is a prodrome including fever, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy followed by a characteristic vesiculopustular rash. The recent 2022 outbreak included novel presentations of mpox with a predominance of anogenital lesions, mucosal lesions, and other features such as anorectal pain, proctitis, oropharyngeal lesions, tonsillitis, and multiphasic skin lesions. We describe the demographics and clinical spectrum of classical and novel mpox, outlining the potential complications and management.

中文翻译：

---

Mpox：旧病复发和不平等现象

Mpox，以前称为猴痘，是由与引起天花的天花病毒相关的正痘病毒引起的。 2022 年之前，mpox 被认为是中非和西非流行的人畜共患疾病。自 2022 年 5 月以来，全球已发现来自 110 个国家的 86,000 多例 MPOX 病例，主要发生在男男性行为者中，最常通过密切身体接触或性活动过程中感染。 mpox 的典型临床表现是前驱症状，包括发烧、嗜睡和淋巴结肿大，随后出现特征性水疱脓疱性皮疹。最近的 2022 年爆发包括新的 MPOX 表现，主要表现为肛门生殖器病变、粘膜病变以及其他特征，如肛门直肠疼痛、直肠炎、口咽病变、扁桃体炎和多相皮肤病变。我们描述了经典和新型MPOX的人口统计学和临床​​谱，概述了潜在的并发症和治疗。