For the exploration of shale oil, there is still an urgent need to relate hydrocarbon generation reactions and changing phase behavior to exact levels of thermal maturity. Six organic-rich shale samples from the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin spanning the maturity range with vitrinite reflectance (R_o) 0.58%–1.16% were studied for petroleum generation characteristics using the PhaseKinetics, PhaseSnapshot, and GORFit approaches. All samples show very good petroleum potential and contain Type I kerogen with total organic carbon contents ranging between 1.5% and 5%. A full spectrum of light to heavy hydrocarbons, consistent with live oils, occurs in thermal extracts of all samples. Gas chromatography fingerprints of samples with R_o > 0.7% closely resemble waxy oils derived from lacustrine organic matter (OM); fingerprints of lower maturity samples are not yet as wax rich. The inferred petroleum type organofacies of all samples is paraffinic high wax with low organic sulfur levels. Hydrocarbon generation from the least mature sample is characterized by one dominant activation energy at 55 kcal/mol, accounting for 87% of the total bulk reaction. Assuming a simplified geological scenario, i.e., a 3 K/My linear heating rate, primary petroleum is generated (transformation ratio, i.e., TR: 10%–90%) over a narrow temperature interval of only 23 °C. Onset (10% TR), maximum (T_peak), and completion (90% TR) temperatures and R_o values are 141 °C at R_o 0.85%, 155 °C at R_o 1.08%, and 164 °C at R_o 1.2%, respectively. Primary gas generation (148–172 °C) occurs 10 °C later (300 m deeper) than the generation of C₆₊ compounds (138–161 °C). Secondary gas formation from oil cracking begins at 182 °C, maximizes at 197 °C, and is completed well before 225 °C (beginning of late gas generation from the secondary cracking of thermally matured, macromolecular organic matter) at 206 °C. Thus, primary and secondary oil cracking processes do not overlap under geological conditions. In line with a paraffinic high-wax oil petroleum type organofacies, cumulative fluids generated from the least mature sample fall within the black oil class over most of the primary kerogen conversion range up to 90% TR as indicated by low saturation pressures (P_sat) and gas-oil-ratios generally below 160 Sm³/Sm³. Maturation results in relatively heavy fluids with P_sat values in the range 40–70 bar when the free hydrocarbons, i.e., already present prior to pyrolysis, are included, and in lighter fluids with P_sat values in the range 70–90 bar, when the free, mostly waxy hydrocarbons, are excluded. Systematics of physical properties and fluid compositions evolution reproduce the general behavior of naturally occurring petroleum sourced from lacustrine OM very well and fit physical properties and compositions of produced shale oils in the Songliao Basin at comparable maturity levels.

对于页岩油的勘探，仍然迫切需要将生烃反应和相变行为与精确的热成熟度水平联系起来。采用PhaseKinetics、PhaseSnapshot和GORFit方法对松辽盆地白垩系青山口组6个成熟度范围镜质体反射率（R_o所有样品都显示出非常好的石油潜力，并含有 I 型干酪根，总有机碳含量在 1.5% 至 5% 之间。所有样品的热提取物中都含有与新鲜油一致的全谱轻质至重质碳氢化合物。Ro _{> 0.7%}的样品气相色谱指纹图谱 与源自湖相有机质 (OM) 的蜡质油非常相似；较低成熟度样品的指纹还没有那么富含蜡。所有样品的推断石油型有机相均为石蜡高蜡，有机硫含量低。最不成熟的样品生成烃的特征是主要活化能为 55 kcal/mol，占总本体反应的 87%。假设简化的地质情况，即 3 K/My 线性加热速率，在仅 23 °C 的狭窄温度区间内生成原生石油（转化率，即TR：10%–90%）。开始 (10% TR )、最大 (T_峰值) 和完成 (90%TR ) 温度和R _o值分别为：R _o 0.85% 时为 141 °C、R _o 1.08% 时为 155 °C、R _o 1.2% 时为 164 °C。_{初次气体生成 (148–172 °C) 比 C 6+}的生成晚 10 °C（深 300 m）化合物 (138–161 °C)。石油裂解产生的二次气体在 182 °C 时开始，在 197 °C 时达到最大，并在 225 °C 之前完成（热成熟的大分子有机物的二次裂解产生晚期气体）在 206 °C 之前完成。因此，一次和二次石油裂化过程在地质条件下并不重叠。与石蜡高蜡油石油型有机相一致，从最不成熟的样品产生的累积流体在大部分初级干酪根转化范围内属于黑油类，最高可达 90% TR，如低饱和压力( P sat ₎所示气油比一般低于160Sm ³ /Sm ³。成熟会产生相对较重的液体当包含游离碳氢化合物（即在热解之前已经存在）时，P _sat值在 40-70 bar 范围内；而在较轻的液体中，当游离碳氢化合物（主要是蜡质碳氢化合物）包含在内时，P _{sat值在 70-90 bar 范围内。}被排除在外。物理性质和流体成分演化的系统学很好地再现了源自湖泊有机质的天然石油的一般行为，并且适合松辽盆地在可比成熟度水平下生产的页岩油的物理性质和成分。