Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a promising tool for scientific discovery and clinical application. However, its utility depends upon replicable reporting. We evaluate reporting of sociodemographics in fNIRS studies of speech and language impairment and asked the following: (1) Do refereed fNIRS publications report participant sociodemographics? (2) For what reasons are participants excluded from analysis? This systematic review was preregistered with PROSPERO (CRD42022342959) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Searches in August 2022 included the terms: (a) fNIRS or functional near-infrared spectroscopy or NIRS or near-infrared spectroscopy, (b) speech or language, and (c) disorder or impairment or delay. Searches yielded 38 qualifying studies from 1997 to present. Eight studies (5%) reported at least partial information on race or ethnicity. Few studies reported SES (26%) or language background (47%). Most studies reported geographic location (100%) and gender/sex (89%). Underreporting of sociodemographics in fNIRS studies of speech and language impairment hinders the generalizability of findings. Replicable reporting is imperative for advancing the utility of fNIRS.

功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）是科学发现和临床应用的一个有前途的工具。然而，它的实用性取决于可复制的报告。我们评估了 fNIRS 言语和语言障碍研究中社会人口统计学的报告，并提出了以下问题：（1）经过审阅的 fNIRS 出版物是否报告了参与者的社会人口统计学？ (2) 参与者出于什么原因被排除在分析之外？该系统评价已在 PROSPERO (CRD42022342959) 中预注册，并遵循系统评价和荟萃分析协议的首选报告项目。 2022 年 8 月的检索包括以下术语：(a) fNIRS或功能性近红外光谱或NIRS 或近红外光谱，(b) 言语或语言，以及 (c) 障碍或损伤或延迟。从 1997 年至今，检索出 38 项合格研究。八项研究（5%）至少报告了有关种族或民族的部分信息。很少有研究报告 SES (26%) 或语言背景 (47%)。大多数研究报告了地理位置（100%）和性别/性别（89%）。 fNIRS 对言语和语言障碍的研究中社会人口统计学的少报阻碍了研究结果的普遍性。可复制的报告对于提高 fNIRS 的实用性至关重要。