A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to study the fate and transport of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soils as a function of soil physicochemical properties and soil water chemistry properties. Soil columns were homogeneously packed with loamy sand soils (Lewiston and Greenson series) and sandy loam soils (Sparta and Gilford series), and subject to hydrologic conditions characterized by the absence and presence of an anionic surfactant—Aerosol 22 in the artificial rainfall. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilized for the detection and enumeration of oocysts in soil leachates to evaluate their breakthrough and in soil matrices to examine their spatial distribution. Differences in the rate and extent of transport of oocysts were observed as a function of physical and chemical parameters tested. The breakthrough of oocysts was observed for all the soils irrespective of the presence of surfactant. However, in the absence of surfactant, the predominant fate of oocysts in soils subject to simulated rainfall was their retention in the soil profile. The presence of surfactant induced a change in the fate of oocysts in these soils exposed to rainfall simulation as the predominant fate of oocysts was found to be in the soil leachates.

中文翻译：

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土壤水系统中生物危害剂弓形虫的检测、归宿和迁移：土壤理化性质、水化学和表面活性剂的影响

进行了一系列实验室实验来研究弓形虫卵囊在土壤中的命运和运输，作为土壤理化性质和土壤水化学性质的函数。土柱均匀地填充壤质沙土（Lewiston 和 Greenson 系列）和沙壤土（Sparta 和 Gilford 系列），并受到人工降雨中阴离子表面活性剂气溶胶 22 的存在和不存在的水文条件的影响。利用定量聚合酶链反应 (qPCR) 检测和计数土壤渗滤液中的卵囊，以评估其突破情况，并在土壤基质中检测和计数其空间分布。观察到卵囊运输的速率和程度的差异作为测试的物理和化学参数的函数。无论是否存在表面活性剂，所有土壤都观察到卵囊的突破。然而，在没有表面活性剂的情况下，受模拟降雨影响的土壤中卵囊的主要命运是它们保留在土壤剖面中。表面活性剂的存在引起了这些暴露于降雨模拟的土壤中卵囊命运的变化，因为发现卵囊的主要命运存在于土壤渗滤液中。