Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of suicide in the world. Monoamine-based antidepressant drugs are a primary line of treatment for this mental disorder, although the delayed response and incomplete efficacy in some patients highlight the need for improved therapeutic approaches. Over the past two decades, ketamine has shown rapid onset with sustained (up to several days) antidepressant effects in patients whose MDD has not responded to conventional antidepressant drugs. Recent preclinical studies have started to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of ketamine's antidepressant properties. Herein, we describe and compare recent clinical and preclinical findings to provide a broad perspective of the relevant mechanisms for the antidepressant action of ketamine.

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氯胺酮：抑郁症治疗的机制及其相关性

重度抑郁症（MDD）是世界上自杀的主要原因。基于单胺的抗抑郁药物是这种精神障碍的主要治疗方法，尽管一些患者的反应延迟和疗效不完全凸显了改进治疗方法的必要性。在过去的二十年里，氯胺酮在对传统抗抑郁药物没有反应的重度抑郁症患者中显示出快速起效和持续（长达数天）的抗抑郁作用。最近的临床前研究已开始阐明氯胺酮抗抑郁特性的潜在机制。在此，我们描述并比较了最近的临床和临床前研究结果，为氯胺酮抗抑郁作用的相关机制提供了广阔的视角。