Flood risks are increasing in Europe, and the EU Floods Directive is one of the main efforts to implement and harmonize effective flood risk governance and management among member states. At the same time, the ongoing shift from mere flood protection to multi-functional flood risk governance calls for increased collaboration among a diversity of actors, typically with varying interests and responsibilities. In this study, we analyze the actor networks unfolding from flood risk management plans to visualize the diversity of roles and connections between actors participating in flood risk management measures. We introduce a new framework for analyzing flood risk management plans and related actor networks using Social Network Analysis and test it in the context of Finland. The framework helps to visualize the diversity of networks for different flood risk management strategies. The analysis also reveals the central roles that different types of actors—including those outside the public sector—occupy in the network. The findings suggest that Social Network Analysis can be used in the context of EU flood risk governance and that flood risk management plans offer an excellent opportunity for comparative governance studies in the EU.

中文翻译：

---

欧盟洪水风险管理计划的社交网络分析：案例芬兰

欧洲的洪水风险正在增加，欧盟洪水指令是成员国之间实施和协调有效的洪水风险治理和管理的主要努力之一。与此同时，从单纯的防洪到多功能洪水风险治理的持续转变，需要不同利益和责任的不同参与者之间加强合作。在本研究中，我们分析了洪水风险管理计划中展开的行动者网络，以可视化参与洪水风险管理措施的行动者之间的角色多样性和联系。我们引入了一个新框架，用于使用社交网络分析来分析洪水风险管理计划和相关参与者网络，并在芬兰的背景下进行测试。该框架有助于可视化不同洪水风险管理策略的网络多样性。分析还揭示了不同类型的参与者（包括公共部门以外的参与者）在网络中扮演的核心角色。研究结果表明，社会网络分析可以在欧盟洪水风险治理的背景下使用，并且洪水风险管理计划为欧盟的比较治理研究提供了绝佳的机会。