We introduce the framework of general probabilistic theories (GPTs for short). GPTs are a class of operational theories that generalize both finite-dimensional classical and quantum theory, but they also include other, more exotic theories, such as the boxworld theory containing Popescu–Rohrlich boxes. We provide in-depth explanations of the basic concepts and elements of the framework of GPTs, and we also prove several well-known results. The review is self-contained and it is meant to provide the reader with consistent introduction to GPTs. Our tools mainly include convex geometry, but we also introduce diagrammatic notation and we often express equations via diagrams.

我们介绍了一般概率理论（简称GPT）的框架。GPT 是一类概括了有限维经典理论和量子理论的运算理论，但它们也包括其他更奇特的理论，例如包含 Popescu-Rohrlich 盒子的盒子世界理论。我们对GPT框架的基本概念和要素进行了深入的解释，并证明了几个众所周知的结果。该评论是独立的，旨在为读者提供一致的 GPT 介绍。我们的工具主要包括凸几何，但我们也引入图表符号，并且我们经常通过图表来表达方程。