Southeast Asia is a uniquely complex region of malaria transmission that maintains an astounding level of species diversity among potential malaria vectors and also generates drug-resistant and quickly diverging populations of malaria parasites. All five human malaria species circulate in Southeast Asia with over 50 Anopheles species that vary in their ability to transmit these pathogens. The intricate relationships of these parasites and vectors are not well-understood. Human activity in Southeast Asian countries has created an increasingly fragmented landscape, bringing humans and mosquitoes into more frequent contact, sustaining malaria transmission in a region where few control tools are effective. Genomic shifts at the species, population, and individual level in parasites and vectors introduce variation that has produced drug- and insecticide resistance. The goal of this review is to highlight genomic studies of Southeast Asian malaria parasites and vectors that demonstrate how diversity in these organisms presents unique challenges and opportunities for global malaria control and eradication efforts.

东南亚是一个疟疾传播独特复杂的地区，潜在疟疾媒介的物种多样性保持着惊人的水平，并且还产生了耐药性和快速分化的疟原虫种群。所有五种人类疟疾物种均在东南亚传播，其中有 50 多种按蚊，它们传播这些病原体的能力各不相同。这些寄生虫和媒介之间错综复杂的关系尚不清楚。东南亚国家的人类活动造成了日益分散的景观，使人类和蚊子的接触更加频繁，从而在一个几乎没有有效控制工具的地区维持了疟疾的传播。寄生虫和媒介在物种、种群和个体水平上的基因组转变引入了变异，从而产生了药物和杀虫剂抗性。本综述的目的是重点介绍东南亚疟疾寄生虫和媒介的基因组研究，证明这些生物体的多样性如何为全球疟疾控制和根除工作带来独特的挑战和机遇。