Research examining the neurobiological mechanisms of resilience has grown rapidly over the past decade. However, there is vast heterogeneity in research study design, methods, and in how resilience is operationalized, making it difficult to gauge what we currently know about resilience biomarkers. This preregistered systematic review aimed to review and synthesize the extant literature to identify neurobiological correlates of resilience to adversity during childhood and adolescence. Literature searches on MEDLINE and PsycINFO yielded 3834 studies and a total of 49 studies were included in the final review. Findings were synthesized based on how resilience was conceptualized (e.g., absence of psychopathology, trait resilience), and where relevant, the type of outcome examined (e.g., internalizing symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder). Our synthesis showed that findings were generally mixed. Nevertheless, some consistent findings suggest that resilience neural mechanisms may involve prefrontal and subcortical regions structure/activity, as well as connectivity between these regions. Given substantial heterogeneity in the definition and operationalization of resilience, more methodological consistency across studies is required for advancing knowledge in this field.

过去十年来，研究弹性的神经生物学机制的研究迅速发展。然而，研究设计、方法以及复原力的运作方式存在巨大的异质性，这使得我们很难衡量我们目前对复原力生物标志物的了解。这项预先注册的系统综述旨在回顾和综合现有文献，以确定儿童和青春期逆境恢复力的神经生物学相关性。在 MEDLINE 和 PsycINFO 上进行文献检索，共检索到 3834 项研究，最终综述中纳入了 49 项研究。根据复原力的概念（例如，缺乏精神病理学、特质复原力）以及相关的检查结果类型（例如，内化症状、创伤后应激障碍）综合研究结果。我们的综合表明，调查结果总体上是好坏参半。然而，一些一致的发现表明，弹性神经机制可能涉及前额叶和皮质下区域的结构/活动，以及这些区域之间的连接。鉴于复原力的定义和操作存在很大的异质性，为了推进该领域的知识发展，各个研究之间需要更多的方法论一致性。