Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals from skeletal tissue, a process known as skeletal interoception, which is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis. The hypothalamus, located in the central nervous system (CNS), plays a key role in processing interoceptive signals and regulating bone homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system, neuropeptide release, and neuroendocrine mechanisms. These mechanisms control the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts (OBs), the activation of osteoclasts (OCs), and the functional activities of bone cells. Sensory nerves extensively innervate skeletal tissues, facilitating the transmission of interoceptive signals to the CNS. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the generation and coordination of skeletal interoceptive signals by the CNS to maintain bone homeostasis and their potential role in pathological conditions. The findings expand our understanding of intersystem communication in bone biology and may have implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.

最近的研究已经确定，神经系统可以感知来自骨骼组织的信号并对其做出反应，这一过程被称为骨骼内感受，这对于维持骨骼稳态至关重要。下丘脑位于中枢神经系统（CNS），通过自主神经系统、神经肽释放和神经内分泌机制，在处理内感受信号和调节骨稳态方面发挥着关键作用。这些机制控制间充质干细胞分化为成骨细胞（OB）、破骨细胞（OC）的激活以及骨细胞的功能活动。感觉神经广泛支配骨骼组织，促进内感受信号向中枢神经系统的传输。本综述全面概述了中枢神经系统生成和协调骨骼内感受信号以维持骨稳态及其在病理条件下的潜在作用的当前研究。这些发现扩展了我们对骨生物学中系统间通讯的理解，并可能对开发骨疾病的新治疗策略具有影响。