Gold nanocages (AuNCs) have been invented and developed over two decades as biomaterial in clinical medicine with great application potential. AuNCs have a characteristic structure of porous walls with hollow interior and a compact size. This makes it possible for them to transport biomolecules or drugs with the advantages of their photothermal effects that could help further destroy germs or tumors while also regulating the release of drugs inside. Furthermore, their bioactivity and application can be broadened by using cell-membrane display technology. AuNCs have shown tremendous potential in antibacterial activity, inflammation modulation, and tissue regeneration, which is required in periodontitis and peri-implantitis treatment. Thus, this article provides an overview of AuNCs synthesis, characteristics, surface modifications, and clinical applications, aiming to serve as a reference for the design and fabrication of AuNCs-based smart materials for periodontal or peri-implant application.

中文翻译：

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纳米笼和细胞膜显示技术作为智能生物材料

金纳米笼（AuNCs）作为临床医学生物材料已经发明和发展了二十多年，具有巨大的应用潜力。AuNCs 具有多孔壁的特征结构，内部中空且尺寸紧凑。这使得它们能够利用光热效应的优势运输生物分子或药物，从而有助于进一步消灭细菌或肿瘤，同时调节内部药物的释放。此外，通过使用细胞膜展示技术可以扩大它们的生物活性和应用。AuNCs 在抗菌活性、炎症调节和组织再生方面显示出巨大的潜力，这是牙周炎和种植体周围炎治疗所需的。因此，本文对 AuNCs 的合成、特性、表面修饰和临床应用进行了概述，旨在为牙周或种植体周围应用的基于 AuNCs 的智能材料的设计和制造提供参考。