Following decades of intensive study, Anolis lizards have emerged as a biological model system. We review how new research on anoles has advanced our understanding of ecology and evolution, challenging long-standing paradigms and opening new areas of inquiry. Recent anole research reveals how changes in behavior can restructure ecological communities and can both stimulate and stymie evolution, sometimes simultaneously. Likewise, investigation of anoles as spatial or phylogenetic evolutionary experiments has documented evolutionary repeatability across spatiotemporal scales, while also illuminating its limits. Current research places anoles as a promising model for Anthropocene biology, with recent work illustrating how species respond as humans reconfigure natural habitats, alter the climate, and create novel environments and communities through urbanization and species introduction. Combined with ongoing methodological developments in genomics, phylogenetics, and ecology, the growing foundational knowledge of Anolis positions them as a powerful model system in ecology and evolution for years to come.

中文翻译：

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模型系统的进化：安乐蜥研究的新见解

经过数十年的深入研究，安乐蜥蜴已成为一种生物模型系统。我们回顾了变色龙的新研究如何增进我们对生态学和进化的理解，挑战长期存在的范式并开辟新的研究领域。最近的变色蜥蜴研究揭示了行为的变化如何能够重组生态群落，并且可以刺激和阻碍进化，有时甚至是同时进行。同样，作为空间或系统发育进化实验的变色龙研究已经记录了跨时空尺度的进化可重复性，同时也阐明了其局限性。目前的研究将变色蜥蜴视为人类世生物学的一个有前途的模型，最近的工作说明了当人类通过城市化和物种引入重新配置自然栖息地、改变气候以及创造新的环境和社区时，物种如何做出反应。结合基因组学、系统发育学和生态学方面不断发展的方法论，Anolis 不断增长的基础知识使其成为未来几年生态学和进化领域强大的模型系统。