Much attention in the field of clinical neuropsychology has focused on adapting to the modern healthcare environment by advancing telehealth and promoting technological innovation in assessment. Perhaps as important (but less discussed) are advances in the development and interpretation of normative neuropsychological test data. These techniques can yield improvement in diagnostic decision-making and treatment planning with little additional cost. Brooks and colleagues (Can Psychol 50: 196–209, 2009) eloquently summarized best practices in normative data creation and interpretation, providing a practical overview of norm development, measurement error, the base rates of low scores, and methods for assessing change. Since the publication of this seminal work, there have been several important advances in research on development and interpretation of normative neuropsychological test data, which may be less familiar to the practicing clinician. Specifically, we provide a review of the literature on regression-based normed scores, item response theory, multivariate base rates, summary/factor scores, cognitive intraindividual variability, and measuring change over time. For each topic, we include (1) an overview of the method, (2) a rapid review of the recent literature, (3) a relevant case example, and (4) a discussion of limitations and controversies. Our goal was to provide a primer for use of normative neuropsychological test data in neuropsychological practice.

临床神经心理学领域的许多注意力集中在通过推进远程医疗和促进评估技术创新来适应现代医疗环境。也许同样重要（但较少讨论）的是规范神经心理学测试数据的开发和解释方面的进展。这些技术可以改善诊断决策和治疗计划，而几乎不需要额外的成本。 Brooks 及其同事（Can Psychol 50: 196–209, 2009）雄辩地总结了规范数据创建和解释的最佳实践，提供了规范发展、测量误差、低分基本率和评估变化方法的实用概述。自这部开创性著作发表以来，规范神经心理学测试数据的开发和解释研究取得了一些重要进展，而这些数据对于执业临床医生来说可能不太熟悉。具体来说，我们回顾了有关基于回归的标准化分数、项目反应理论、多变量基本率、总结/因子分数、个体内认知变异以及测量随时间变化的文献。对于每个主题，我们包括（1）方法概述，（2）最近文献的快速回顾，（3）相关案例，以及（4）局限性和争议的讨论。我们的目标是为在神经心理学实践中使用规范的神经心理学测试数据提供入门知识。