Metaverse is expected to emerge as a new paradigm for the next-generation Internet, providing fully immersive and personalized experiences to socialize, work, and play in self-sustaining and hyper-spatio-temporal virtual world(s). The advancements in different technologies such as augmented reality, virtual reality, extended reality (XR), artificial intelligence (AI), and 5G/6G communication will be the key enablers behind the realization of AI-XR metaverse applications. While AI itself has many potential applications in the aforementioned technologies (e.g., avatar generation, network optimization), ensuring the security of AI in critical applications like AI-XR metaverse applications is profoundly crucial to avoid undesirable actions that could undermine users’ privacy and safety, consequently putting their lives in danger. To this end, we attempt to analyze the security, privacy, and trustworthiness aspects associated with the use of various AI techniques in AI-XR metaverse applications. Specifically, we discuss numerous such challenges and present a taxonomy of potential solutions that could be leveraged to develop secure, private, robust, and trustworthy AI-XR applications. To highlight the real implications of AI-associated adversarial threats, we designed a metaverse-specific case study and analyzed it through the adversarial lens. Finally, we elaborate upon various open issues that require further research interest from the community.

元宇宙预计将成为下一代互联网的新范式，为在自我维持和超时空虚拟世界中的社交、工作和娱乐提供完全沉浸式和个性化的体验。增强现实、虚拟现实、扩展现实（XR）、人工智能（AI）、5G/6G通信等不同技术的进步将是实现AI-XR元宇宙应用的关键推动力。虽然人工智能本身在上述技术中具有许多潜在的应用（例如，化身生成、网络优化），但确保人工智能在 AI-XR 元宇宙应用等关键应用中的安全性对于避免可能损害用户隐私和安全的不良行为至关重要，从而使他们的生命处于危险之中。为此，我们尝试分析与在 AI-XR 元宇宙应用程序中使用各种人工智能技术相关的安全性、隐私性和可信度方面。具体来说，我们讨论了许多此类挑战，并提出了可用于开发安全、私密、强大且值得信赖的 AI-XR 应用程序的潜在解决方案的分类。为了强调与人工智能相关的对抗性威胁的真正影响，我们设计了一个特定于虚拟世界的案例研究，并通过对抗性的视角对其进行了分析。最后，我们详细阐述了需要社区进一步研究兴趣的各种开放问题。