Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00558-6 Christina L Norris 1 , Dale P Sandler 2 , Gregory C Pratt 3 , Mark R Stenzel 4 , Patricia A Stewart 5 , W Braxton Jackson 6 , Fredric E Gerr 7 , Caroline Groth 8 , Sudipto Banerjee 9 , Kaitlyn G Lawrence 2 , Richard K Kwok 2, 10 , Emily J Werder 2 , Lawrence S Engel 1, 2
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Background
Burning/flaring of oil/gas during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response and cleanup (OSRC) generated high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Personnel working on the water during these activities may have inhaled combustion products. Neurologic effects of PM2.5 have been reported previously but few studies have examined lasting effects following disaster exposures. The association of brief, high exposures and adverse effects on sensory and motor nerve function in the years following exposure have not been examined for OSRC workers.
Objectives
We assessed the relationship between exposure to burning/flaring-related PM2.5 and measures of sensory and motor nerve function among OSRC workers.
Methods
PM2.5 concentrations were estimated from Gaussian plume dispersion models and linked to self-reported work histories. Quantitative measures of sensory and motor nerve function were obtained 4–6 years after the disaster during a clinical exam restricted to those living close to two clinics in Mobile, AL or New Orleans, LA (n = 3401). We obtained covariate data from a baseline enrollment survey and a home visit, both in 2011–2013. The analytic sample included 1186 participants.
Results
We did not find strong evidence of associations between exposure to PM2.5 and sensory or motor nerve function, although there was a suggestion of impairment based on single leg stance among individuals with high exposure to PM2.5. Results were generally consistent whether we examined average or cumulative maximum exposures or removed individuals with the highest crude oil exposures to account for co-pollutant confounding. There was no evidence of exposure-response trends.
Impact statement
Remediating environmental disasters is essential for long-term human and environmental health. During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster, burning and flaring of oil and gas were used to remove these pollutants from the environment, but led to potentially high fine particulate matter exposures for spill response workers working on the water. We investigate the potential adverse effects of these exposures on peripheral nerve function; understanding the potential health harm of remediation tactics is necessary to inform future clean up approaches and protect human health.
中文翻译：
深水地平线漏油事件后漏油相关的细颗粒物暴露与漏油反应和清理工人的周围运动和感觉神经功能之间的关联
背景
深水地平线溢油响应和清理 (OSRC) 期间石油/天然气的燃烧/燃烧产生高浓度的细颗粒物 (PM 2.5 )。在这些活动期间在水上工作的人员可能吸入燃烧产物。 PM 2.5对神经系统的影响之前已有报道，但很少有研究探讨灾难暴露后的持久影响。尚未对 OSRC 工作人员进行短暂、高暴露与暴露后几年内对感觉和运动神经功能的不良影响之间的关联。
目标
我们评估了 OSRC 工作人员接触燃烧/燃烧相关 PM 2.5与感觉和运动神经功能测量之间的关系。
方法
PM 2.5浓度是根据高斯羽流扩散模型估算的，并与自我报告的工作历史相关联。感觉和运动神经功能的定量测量是在灾难发生后 4-6 年进行的一项临床检查中获得的，该检查仅限于居住在阿拉巴马州莫比尔或路易斯安那州新奥尔良两家诊所附近的居民（ n = 3401）。我们从 2011 年至 2013 年的基线入学调查和家访中获得了协变量数据。分析样本包括 1186 名参与者。
结果
我们没有发现强有力的证据表明接触 PM 2.5与感觉或运动神经功能之间存在关联，尽管有建议表明，高接触 PM 2.5的个体单腿站立会造成损害。无论我们检查平均或累积最大暴露量，还是剔除原油暴露量最高的个体以考虑共污染物混杂，结果总体上是一致的。没有证据表明暴露-反应趋势。
影响报告
修复环境灾难对于人类和环境的长期健康至关重要。在深水地平线漏油灾难期间，通过燃烧和燃烧石油和天然气来清除环境中的这些污染物，但导致在水面上工作的漏油应急工作人员可能接触到较高的细颗粒物。我们研究这些暴露对周围神经功能的潜在不利影响；了解补救策略对健康的潜在危害对于为未来的清理方法和保护人类健康提供信息是必要的。
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