This article examines the emerging challenges in modeling and analyzing the electric power system due to the widespread growth of variable renewable energy (VRE), particularly in the form of distributed energy resources (DERs), which are displacing traditional large power plants. Many of these resources are connected to the system through power electronic interfaces, also known as inverter-based resources (IBRs), which are reshaping the system dynamics and lowering the grid strength and inertia. Understanding the dynamic behavior of the power system should be critical to addressing the potential stability concerns, refining the grid requirements, and developing effective and reliable measures among many alternatives. However, conventional methodologies for resource integration and network expansion studies, as well as application-specific electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies, need to be improved. This article thus presents recent academic and industrial efforts to advance the existing approaches, especially by incorporating the uncertainty in model parameters of DERs, variability of VRE, and EMT dynamics of IBRs for the grid planning and operations studies such as the impact of DERs on load modeling and system-wide dynamic performance. In addition, this article showcases recent developments to expand the study boundaries by synergizing the strengths of the industry-accepted approaches along with real system studies for Korea’s electric power systems in particular.

中文翻译：

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具有高水平随机和电力电子接口资源的电网动态性能建模和分析

本文探讨了由于可变可再生能源 (VRE) 的广泛增长，特别是分布式能源 (DER) 形式的电力系统建模和分析所面临的新挑战，这些能源正在取代传统的大型发电厂。其中许多资源通过电力电子接口连接到系统，也称为基于逆变器的资源（IBR），它们正在重塑系统动态并降低电网强度和惯性。了解电力系统的动态行为对于解决潜在的稳定性问题、完善电网要求以及在众多替代方案中制定有效可靠的措施至关重要。然而，传统的资源整合和网络扩展研究方法，以及特定应用的电磁瞬态（EMT）研究都需要改进。因此，本文介绍了最近学术界和工业界为推进现有方法所做的努力，特别是通过将 DER 模型参数的不确定性、VRE 的可变性和 IBR 的 EMT 动态纳入电网规划和运营研究（例如 DER 对负荷的影响）建模和全系统动态性能。此外，本文还展示了通过整合行业公认方法的优势以及特别是针对韩国电力系统的实际系统研究来扩大研究边界的最新进展。特别是通过将 DER 模型参数的不确定性、VRE 的可变性和 IBR 的 EMT 动态纳入电网规划和运营研究，例如 DER 对负荷建模和全系统动态性能的影响。此外，本文还展示了通过整合行业公认方法的优势以及特别是针对韩国电力系统的实际系统研究来扩大研究边界的最新进展。特别是通过将 DER 模型参数的不确定性、VRE 的可变性和 IBR 的 EMT 动态纳入电网规划和运营研究，例如 DER 对负荷建模和全系统动态性能的影响。此外，本文还展示了通过整合行业公认方法的优势以及特别是针对韩国电力系统的实际系统研究来扩大研究边界的最新进展。