Single atom catalysts (SACs) offer tremendous opportunities in water remediation by catalyzing persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes. The bottleneck is the mass production of SACs with high performance and low cost. To this end, biomass-derived biochars are the cost-effective and promising precursors for developing SACs because of their desirable properties such as structural stability, porous architecture, abundant functionality, and rich nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g. proteins). In this mini review, we examine the synthesis of SACs from diverse biomass-derived biochars and evaluate key factors such as biomass compositions and thermal conditions that can impact their performances. The review discusses the activity of biomass-derived SACs for activating persulfate, highlighting their roles as catalysts and focusing on their center metal species, coordination environment, and carbon structures. Furthermore, we address the challenges and future prospects of using biomass-derived SACs in environmental remediation.

中文翻译：

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源自生物质的单原子催化剂：用于水净化的低成本高性能过硫酸盐活化剂

单原子催化剂（SAC）通过催化基于过硫酸盐的高级氧化过程为水修复提供了巨大的机会。瓶颈在于高性能、低成本的SAC的量产。为此，生物质衍生的生物炭因其结构稳定性、多孔结构、丰富的功能和丰富的含氮化合物（例如蛋白质）等理想特性而成为开发SAC的经济有效且有前途的前体。在这篇小型综述中，我们研究了从不同生物质衍生的生物炭合成 SAC 的方法，并评估了可能影响其性能的关键因素，例如生物质成分和热条件。该综述讨论了生物质衍生的 SAC 激活过硫酸盐的活性，强调了它们作为催化剂的作用，并重点关注它们的中心金属种类、配位环境和碳结构。此外，我们还探讨了在环境修复中使用生物质衍生的 SAC 所面临的挑战和未来前景。