Dentate gyrus of the hippocampus continuously gives rise to new neurons, namely, adult-born granule cells, which contribute to conferring plasticity to the mature brain throughout life. Within this neurogenic region, the fate and behavior of neural stem cells (NSCs) and their progeny result from a complex balance and integration of a variety of cell-autonomous and cell-to-cell-interaction signals and underlying pathways. Among these structurally and functionally diverse signals, there are endocannabinoids (eCBs), the main brain retrograde messengers. These pleiotropic bioactive lipids can directly influence and/or indirectly adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) by modulating, both positively and negatively, multiple molecular and cellular processes in the hippocampal niche, depending on the cell type or stage of differentiation. Firstly, eCBs act directly as cell-intrinsic factors, cell-autonomously produced by NSCs following their stimulation. Secondly, in many, if not all, niche-associated cells, including some local neuronal and nonneuronal elements, the eCB system indirectly modulates the neurogenesis, linking neuronal and glial activity to regulating distinct stages of AHN. Herein, we discuss the crosstalk of the eCB system with other neurogenesis-relevant signal pathways and speculate how the hippocampus-dependent neurobehavioral effects elicited by (endo)cannabinergic medications are interpretable in light of the key regulatory role that eCBs play on AHN.

海马体的齿状回不断产生新的神经元，即成年颗粒细胞，这有助于在整个生命过程中赋予成熟大脑可塑性。在这个神经源性区域内，神经干细胞（NSC）及其后代的命运和行为是由各种细胞自主和细胞间相互作用信号和潜在途径的复杂平衡和整合产生的。在这些结构和功能多样的信号中，有内源性大麻素（eCB），它是主要的大脑逆行信使。这些多效性生物活性脂质可以根据细胞类型或分化阶段，通过正向和负向调节海马微环境中的多种分子和细胞过程，直接影响和/或间接影响成人海马神经发生（AHN）。首先，eCB 直接充当细胞内在因子，由 NSC 在受到刺激后自主产生。其次，在许多（如果不是全部）生态位相关细胞中，包括一些局部神经元和非神经元元件，eCB 系统间接调节神经发生，将神经元和胶质细胞活动与调节 AHN 的不同阶段联系起来。在此，我们讨论了 eCB 系统与其他神经发生相关信号通路的串扰，并根据 eCB 对 AHN 发挥的关键调节作用，推测（内）大麻能药物引起的海马依赖性神经行为效应如何解释。