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Revisiting the pro-oxidant activity of copper: interplay of ascorbate, cysteine, and glutathione.
Metallomics ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2023-07-10 , DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfad040
Enrico Falcone 1 , Francesco Stellato 2, 3 , Bertrand Vileno 1 , Merwan Bouraguba 1 , Vincent Lebrun 1 , Marianne Ilbert 4 , Silvia Morante 2, 3 , Peter Faller 1, 5
Affiliation  

Copper (Cu) is essential for most organisms, but it can be poisonous in excess, through mechanisms such as protein aggregation, trans-metallation, and oxidative stress. The latter could implicate the formation of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species (O2•-, H2O2, and HO•) via the redox cycling between Cu(II)/Cu(I) states in the presence of dioxygen and physiological reducing agents such as ascorbate (AscH), cysteine (Cys), and the tripeptide glutathione (GSH). Although the reactivity of Cu with these reductants has been previously investigated, the reactions taking place in a more physiologically relevant mixture of these biomolecules are not known. Hence, we report here on the reactivity of Cu with binary and ternary mixtures of AscH, Cys, and GSH. By measuring AscH and thiol oxidation, as well as HO• formation, we show that Cu reacts preferentially with GSH and Cys, halting AscH oxidation and also HO• release. This could be explained by the formation of Cu-thiolate clusters with both GSH and, as we first demonstrate here, Cys. Moreover, we observed a remarkable acceleration of Cu-catalyzed GSH oxidation in the presence of Cys. We provide evidence that both thiol-disulfide exchange and the generated H2O2 contribute to this effect. Based on these findings, we speculate that Cu-induced oxidative stress may be mainly driven by GSH depletion and/or protein disulfide formation rather than by HO• and envision a synergistic effect of Cys on Cu toxicity.

中文翻译:

重新审视铜的促氧化活性:抗坏血酸、半胱氨酸和谷胱甘肽的相互作用。

铜 (Cu) 对大多数生物体至关重要,但过量可能会通过蛋白质聚集、金属转移和氧化应激等机制产生毒性。后者可能意味着在双氧和生理还原剂(例如抗坏血酸)存在的情况下,通过 Cu(II)/Cu(I) 态之间的氧化还原循环形成潜在有害的活性氧(O2•-、H2O2 和 HO•) (AscH)、半胱氨酸 (Cys) 和三肽谷胱甘肽 (GSH)。尽管之前已经研究了铜与这些还原剂的反应性,但在这些生物分子的生理学更相关的混合物中发生的反应尚不清楚。因此,我们在此报告了 Cu 与 AscH、Cys 和 GSH 的二元和三元混合物的反应性。通过测量 AscH 和硫醇氧化以及 HO• 形成,我们发现 Cu 优先与 GSH 和 Cys 反应,阻止 AscH 氧化以及 HO• 释放。这可以通过 GSH 和 Cys 形成硫醇铜簇来解释。此外,我们观察到在 Cys 存在的情况下,铜催化的 GSH 氧化显着加速。我们提供的证据表明,硫醇-二硫化物交换和生成的 H2O2 都有助于这种效果。基于这些发现,我们推测铜诱导的氧化应激可能主要是由谷胱甘肽消耗和/或蛋白质二硫化物形成驱动的,而不是由H2O·驱动的,并设想半胱氨酸对铜毒性的协同作用。我们观察到在 Cys 存在的情况下 Cu 催化的 GSH 氧化显着加速。我们提供的证据表明,硫醇-二硫化物交换和生成的 H2O2 都有助于这种效果。基于这些发现,我们推测铜诱导的氧化应激可能主要是由谷胱甘肽消耗和/或蛋白质二硫化物形成驱动的,而不是由H2O·驱动的,并设想半胱氨酸对铜毒性的协同作用。我们观察到在 Cys 存在的情况下 Cu 催化的 GSH 氧化显着加速。我们提供的证据表明,硫醇-二硫化物交换和生成的 H2O2 都有助于这种效果。基于这些发现,我们推测铜诱导的氧化应激可能主要是由谷胱甘肽消耗和/或蛋白质二硫化物形成驱动的,而不是由H2O·驱动的,并设想半胱氨酸对铜毒性的协同作用。
更新日期:2023-06-23
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