Marine transgression associated with rising sea levels causes coastal erosion, landscape transitions, and displacement of human populations globally. This process takes two general forms. Along open-ocean coasts, active transgression occurs when sediment-delivery rates are unable to keep pace with accommodation creation, leading to wave-driven erosion and/or landward translation of coastal landforms. It is highly visible, rapid, and limited to narrow portions of the coast. In contrast, passive transgression is subtler and slower, and impacts broader areas. It occurs along low-energy, inland marine margins; follows existing upland contours; and is characterized predominantly by the landward translation of coastal ecosystems. The nature and relative rates of transgression along these competing margins lead to expansion and/or contraction of the coastal zone and—particularly under the influence of anthropogenic interventions—will dictate future coastal-ecosystem response to sea-level rise, as well as attendant, often inequitable, impacts on human populations.

中文翻译：

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近代的海洋侵扰

与海平面上升相关的海洋侵入导致全球海岸侵蚀、地貌转变和人口流离失所。这个过程有两种一般形式。沿着公海海岸，当沉积物输送速度无法跟上住宿创造的速度时，就会发生主动海侵，导致波浪驱动的侵蚀和/或沿海地貌向陆地平移。它非常明显、速度很快，并且仅限于海岸的狭窄部分。相比之下，被动越轨更加微妙、缓慢，影响范围更广。它发生在低能量的内陆海洋边缘；遵循现有的高地轮廓；主要特点是沿海生态系统向陆地平移。沿着这些竞争边缘的海侵的性质和相对速率导致沿海地区的扩张和/或收缩，特别是在人为干预的影响下，将决定未来沿海生态系统对海平面上升的反应，以及随之而来的对人口的影响往往是不公平的。