Whether working memory reflects a thresholded recollection process whereby only a limited number of items are maintained in memory, or a signal detection process in which each studied item is increased in familiarity strength, is a topic of considerable debate. A review of visual working memory studies that have examined receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) across a broad set of materials and test conditions indicates that both signal detection and threshold processes contribute to working memory. In addition, the role that these two processes play varies systematically across conditions, such that a threshold process plays a particularly critical role when binary old/new judgments are required, when changes are relatively discrete, and when the hippocampus does not contribute to performance. In contrast, a signal detection process plays a greater role when confidence judgments are required, when the materials or the changes are global in nature, and when the hippocampus contributes to performance. In addition, the ROC results indicate that in standard single-probe tests of working memory, items that are maintained in an active recollected state support both recall-to-accept and recall-to-reject responses; whereas in complex-probe tests, recollection preferentially supports recall-to-reject; and in item-recognition tests it preferentially supports recall-to-accept. Moreover, there is growing evidence that these threshold and strength-based processes are related to distinct states of conscious awareness whereby they support perceiving- and sensing-based responses, respectively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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回忆和熟悉在视觉工作记忆中的作用：阈值和信号检测过程的混合。

工作记忆是否反映了一个阈值回忆过程，即只有有限数量的项目保留在记忆中，或者是一个信号检测过程，其中每个研究项目的熟悉程度都增加了，是一个有争议的话题。对跨广泛材料和测试条件检查接收器操作特性 (ROC) 的视觉工作记忆研究的回顾表明，信号检测和阈值过程都有助于工作记忆。此外，这两个过程所起的作用在不同条件下系统地变化，因此当需要二元旧/新判断时，当变化相对离散时，以及当海马体对表现没有贡献时，阈值过程起着特别关键的作用。相比之下，当需要信心判断时，当材料或变化本质上是全球性的，以及当海马体有助于表现时，信号检测过程会发挥更大的作用。此外，ROC 结果表明，在工作记忆的标准单探针测试中，保持在活跃回忆状态的项目支持回忆到接受和回忆到拒绝的反应；而在复杂探针测试中，回忆优先支持回忆到拒绝；在项目识别测试中，它优先支持召回接受。此外，越来越多的证据表明，这些基于阈值和强度的过程与不同的意识状态有关，它们分别支持基于感知和感知的反应。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。