The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring functionality, and promoting longevity. Despite widespread investigation, identifying impactful therapeutics has been hindered by narrow experimental validation and the lack of rigorous study design. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and how this understanding both informs and limits interpreting data from experimental models based on these mechanisms. We also discuss select therapeutic strategies that have yielded promising data in these model systems with potential clinical translation. Lastly, we propose a unifying approach needed to rigorously vet current and future therapeutics and guide evaluation toward efficacious therapies.

中文翻译：

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抗衰老策略的当前趋势

衰老过程体现在高度互连的生物级联网络中，导致每个生物体随着时间的推移而退化和崩溃。这种自然发育会增加多种疾病的风险，并且可能使人衰弱。长期以来，学术和工业研究人员一直在寻求阻止或可能逆转衰老，希望减轻临床负担、恢复功能和延长寿命。尽管进行了广泛的研究，但由于实验验证范围狭窄和缺乏严格的研究设计，确定有效的治疗方法仍受到阻碍。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了目前对衰老生物学机制的理解，以及这种理解如何影响和限制基于这些机制的实验模型数据的解释。我们还讨论了选定的治疗策略，这些策略在这些模型系统中产生了有希望的数据，并具有潜在的临床转化能力。最后，我们提出了一种严格审查当前和未来治疗方法并指导评估有效治疗方法所需的统一方法。