The design of high voltage and medium voltage AC and DC standoff insulators, and, in general, of insulation systems where surface and interface properties are predominant factors, is based on specifications and standards that rely upon long-term experiences and lab testing. Surface insulating properties depend on electrical and thermal stresses, besides environmental factors, and the inception of extrinsic ageing phenomena, such as partial discharges, can be already a cause of reduced reliability and premature failure (for organic insulating materials). An innovative approach, based on field simulation, discharge modelling, and partial discharge inception measurements is presented by the authors, which can establish a solid basis to optimise insulation design for any type of supply voltage waveform. This method, the three-leg approach, is applied here to a cable system under AC sinusoidal voltage, but it can work for any type of insulation system, such as bushings, switch gears, transformers, rotating machines, and power electronics boards.

中文翻译：

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交流电压下高压和中压设备聚合物绝缘子表面子系统设计的新方法

高压和中压交流和直流隔离绝缘子的设计，以及一般情况下表面和界面特性是主要因素的绝缘系统的设计，都是基于依赖于长期经验和实验室测试的规范和标准。除了环境因素外，表面绝缘性能还取决于电应力和热应力，并且局部放电等外在老化现象的开始可能已经成为可靠性降低和过早失效的原因（对于有机绝缘材料）。作者提出了一种基于场仿真、放电建模和局部放电起始测量的创新方法，可以为优化任何类型电源电压波形的绝缘设计奠定坚实的基础。这个方法，三足法，