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Resampling Estimation Based RPC Metadata Verification in Satellite Imagery
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security ( IF 6.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 , DOI: 10.1109/tifs.2023.3276640
Chandrakanth Gudavalli 1 , Michael Goebel 1 , Tejaswi Nanjundaswamy 1 , Lakshmanan Nataraj 1 , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran 1 , B.S. Manjunath 1
Affiliation  

Recent advances in machine learning and computer vision have made it simple to manipulate a variety of media, including satellite images. Most of the commercially available satellite images go through the process of orthorectification to remove potential distortions due to terrain variations. This orthorectification process typically involves the use of rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) that geometrically remap the pixels in the original image to the rectified image. This paper proposes the first method to verify the authenticity of RPC metadata in an orthorectified satellite image. The steps include calculating the Residual Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) pattern from the image using a linear predictor based residual spectral analysis and comparing with Expected Residual pattern that is obtained using the RPC metadata associated with the image. If the metadata associated with orthorectified image is correct, then the Residual-DFT pattern (which represents image data) and the Expected-Residual-DFT pattern (which represents metadata) should be similar. We use SSIM (Structural Similarity Index Metric) to quantify the similarity and thereby verify if the data has been tampered or not. Detailed experimental results demonstrate that our method achieves over 97% accuracy in the majority of binary tampering detection tests.

中文翻译:

卫星图像中基于重采样估计的 RPC 元数据验证

机器学习和计算机视觉的最新进展使得操纵各种媒体变得简单,包括卫星图像。大多数商用卫星图像都经过正射校正过程,以消除由于地形变化引起的潜在失真。这种正射校正过程通常涉及使用有理多项式系数 (RPC),将原始图像中的像素几何重新映射到校正后的图像。本文提出了第一种方法来验证正射校正卫星图像中 RPC 元数据的真实性。这些步骤包括使用基于线性预测器的残差谱分析从图像计算残差离散傅里叶变换 (DFT) 模式,并与使用与图像关联的 RPC 元数据获得的预期残差模式进行比较。如果与正射校正图像关联的元数据是正确的,则残差 DFT 模式(表示图像数据)和预期残差 DFT 模式(表示元数据)应该相似。我们使用 SSIM(Structural Similarity Index Metric)来量化相似度,从而验证数据是否被篡改。详细的实验结果表明,我们的方法在大多数二进制篡改检测测试中达到了 97% 以上的准确率。那么 Residual-DFT 模式(代表图像数据)和 Expected-Residual-DFT 模式(代表元数据)应该是相似的。我们使用 SSIM(Structural Similarity Index Metric)来量化相似度,从而验证数据是否被篡改。详细的实验结果表明,我们的方法在大多数二进制篡改检测测试中达到了 97% 以上的准确率。那么 Residual-DFT 模式(代表图像数据)和 Expected-Residual-DFT 模式(代表元数据)应该是相似的。我们使用 SSIM(Structural Similarity Index Metric)来量化相似度,从而验证数据是否被篡改。详细的实验结果表明,我们的方法在大多数二进制篡改检测测试中达到了 97% 以上的准确率。
更新日期:2023-05-15
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