Doctoral graduates represent the pinnacle of education. While the importance of increasing their number has been recognised by the Italian government and there has been a huge increase in the number of publicly funded PhD scholarships, doctoral graduates still struggle in the labour market to find employment commensurate with their skills and competencies. It is against this backdrop that the role of migration becomes crucial. Exploiting Italian microdata at the census level, this study aims to investigate how human capital migration, occurring at different ‘times’ of individual's life and across different regions, could mitigate the potential education–job mismatch, which is measured here from a multidimensional perspective by looking at overeducation, overskilling and satisfaction. Our findings reveal some positive effects of migration on reducing this mismatch. Moreover, the study highlights two relevant gaps, the first between domestic and foreign workers and the second between genders.

中文翻译：

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意大利的研究生教育和工作不匹配：移民有帮助吗？

博士毕业生代表了教育的顶峰。尽管意大利政府已经认识到增加博士生数量的重要性，并且公共资助的博士奖学金数量也大幅增加，但博士毕业生仍然难以在劳动力市场上找到与其技能和能力相称的工作。正是在这种背景下，移民的作用变得至关重要。本研究利用意大利人口普查层面的微观数据，旨在调查在个人生命的不同“时间”和不同地区发生的人力资本迁移如何减轻潜在的教育与工作不匹配，这是从多维角度衡量的关注过度教育、过度技能和满意度。我们的研究结果揭示了移民对减少这种不匹配的一些积极影响。此外，该研究还强调了两个相关的差距，第一个是国内工人和外国工人之间的差距，第二个是性别之间的差距。