This study examined structural priming during online second language (L2) comprehension. In two self-paced reading experiments, 64 intermediate to advanced Chinese learners of English as a foreign language read coordinated noun phrases where the conjuncts had either the same structure or different structures. Experiment 1 showed that the second conjunct was read faster when it had the same structure as the first. This effect occurred for the structurally marked adjective phrases (e.g., a simple to grasp problem) but only showed a numerical trend for the less marked relative clauses (e.g., a problem that was simple to grasp). Experiment 2 compared unmarked adjective phrases and relative clauses (e.g., a simple problem vs. a problem that was simple) and found significant priming for both. Together, the two experiments showed that L2 comprehension priming could occur without repetition of the lexical head. Moreover, this priming was susceptible to inverse frequency effects, with the less frequent structure exhibiting greater priming.

中文翻译：

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第二语言在线句子理解中的词汇独立结构启动

本研究考察了在线第二语言 (L2) 理解过程中的结构启动。在两个自定进度的阅读实验中，64 名中高级英语学习者阅读了连词具有相同结构或不同结构的协调名词短语。实验 1 表明，当第二个连接词与第一个连接词具有相同的结构时，它的阅读速度更快。这种效果发生在结构标记的形容词短语（例如，一个简单易懂的问题）上，但只对标记较少的关系从句（例如，一个问题易于掌握）显示出数字趋势。实验 2 比较了未标记的形容词短语和关系从句（例如，一个简单的问题与一个简单的问题) 并发现两者都有显着的启动。这两个实验共同表明，无需重复词汇中心词即可发生 L2 理解启动。此外，这种启动很容易受到反频效应的影响，频率较低的结构表现出更大的启动。