Land is central to addressing global development challenges, and land governance is at the heart of paradigms of democracy, justice, sustainability, and resilience. Despite the thoroughly recognized importance of land as a basis for all human-nature relations, the land sector is challenged by mechanisms of commodification and land control. The widely recognized global land rush of the late 2000 s increased the pressure on land, spotlighting in particular the rising demand for arable lands. But despite a growing awareness, the patterns and regimes of dispossession are still subject to blind spots, due in part to a recurring focus on foreign land grabbers, a lack of transparent data on land investments, and several methodological limitations. In Sub-Saharan Africa, one of the world's most targeted areas in terms of land investments, Senegal offers an interesting case study because published data on land control has been limited to foreign land investments. In this study, conducted in partnership with the technical committee of the Senegalese Land Governance Observatory, we propose another way to look at land control in agriculture by encompassing all types of investors at a national scale and focusing on the full ensemble of control processes. In our results, we describe the dynamics of land investments through time and space and identify three different types (or clusters) of investment patterns with specificities in terms of investing stakeholders, crops, and markets. While we highlight the inequality in land distribution and control, we also stress the environmental impacts of large agricultural investments that encroach on common lands and the social consequences of restricting access and use of resources, which further exacerbates the exclusion of local communities.

土地是应对全球发展挑战的核心，土地治理是民主、正义、可持续性和复原力范式的核心。尽管人们充分认识到土地作为所有人类与自然关系基础的重要性，但土地部门仍面临商品化和土地控制机制的挑战。2000 年代末公认的全球土地热潮增加了土地压力，尤其突出了对可耕地的需求不断增加。但是，尽管人们越来越意识到，剥夺的模式和制度仍然存在盲点，部分原因是反复关注外国土地掠夺者、缺乏透明的土地投资数据以及一些方法上的局限性。撒哈拉以南非洲是世界上土地投资最具针对性的地区之一，塞内加尔提供了一个有趣的案例研究，因为已公布的土地控制数据仅限于外国土地投资。在这项与塞内加尔土地治理观察站技术委员会合作开展的研究中，我们提出了另一种看待农业土地控制的方法，方法是在全国范围内涵盖所有类型的投资者，并专注于控制过程的整体。在我们的结果中，我们描述了土地投资在时间和空间上的动态，并确定了三种不同类型（或集群）的投资模式，它们在投资利益相关者、作物和市场方面具有特殊性。当我们强调土地分配和控制方面的不平等时，