Radiotherapy as one of the most important cancer treatment modalities has been widely used in the therapy of various cancers. The clinically used radiation (e.g. X-ray) for radiotherapy has the advantages of precise spatiotemporal controllability and deep tissue penetration. However, traditional radiotherapy is frequently limited by the high side effects and tumor hypoxia. The combination of radiotherapy and other cancer treatment modalities may overcome the disadvantages of radiotherapy and improve the final therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, X-ray-activable prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers have been extensively explored to introduce other treatment modalities in the precise position during radiotherapy, which can reduce the side toxicity of the drugs and improve the combination therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we focus on recent advances in X-ray-activable prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers to boost X-ray-based multimodal synergistic therapy with reduced toxicity. The design strategies of prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers are highlighted. Finally, challenges and outlooks of X-ray-activable prodrugs and polymeric nanocarriers are discussed.

中文翻译：

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用于多模式癌症治疗的 X 射线响应前药和聚合物纳米载体

放射治疗作为最重要的癌症治疗方式之一，已广泛应用于多种癌症的治疗。临床上使用的放射线（例如X射线）用于放射治疗具有时空精确可控和深层组织穿透的优点。然而，传统放射治疗常常受到高副作用和肿瘤缺氧的限制。放疗与其他癌症治疗方式的结合可以克服放疗的缺点，提高最终的治疗效果。近年来，X射线可激活的前药和聚合物纳米载体被广泛探索，以在放射治疗过程中的精确位置引入其他治疗方式，可以减少药物的毒副作用，提高联合治疗效果。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 X 射线激活前药和聚合物纳米载体的最新进展，以促进基于 X 射线的多模式协同治疗并降低毒性。重点介绍了前药和聚合物纳米载体的设计策略。最后，讨论了 X 射线激活前药和聚合物纳米载体的挑战和前景。