The development of hyperpolarized bioresponsive probes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications is an emerging and rapidly growing topic in chemistry. A wide range of hyperpolarized molecular biosensors for functional MRI have been developed in recent years. These probes comprise many different types of small-molecule reporters that can be hyperpolarized using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization and parahydrogen-induced polarization or xenon-chelated macromolecular conjugates hyperpolarized using spin-exchange optical pumping. In this Perspective, we discuss how the amplified magnetic resonance signals of these agents are responsive to biologically relevant stimuli such as target proteins, reactive oxygen species, pH or metal ions. We examine how functional MRI using these systems allows a great number of biological processes to be monitored rapidly. Consequently, hyperpolarized bioresponsive probes may play a critical role in functional molecular imaging for observing physiology and pathology in real time.

用于磁共振成像 (MRI) 应用的超极化生物响应探针的开发是化学中一个新兴且快速发展的课题。近年来已经开发出用于功能性 MRI 的各种超极化分子生物传感器。这些探针包含许多不同类型的小分子记者，可以使用溶解动态核极化和仲氢诱导极化或使用自旋交换光泵超极化的氙螯合大分子共轭超极化。在这篇 Perspective 中，我们讨论了这些药物的放大磁共振信号如何响应生物相关刺激，例如靶蛋白、活性氧、pH 值或金属离子。我们研究了使用这些系统的功能性 MRI 如何允许快速监测大量生物过程。因此，超极化生物响应探针可能在实时观察生理学和病理学的功能分子成像中发挥关键作用。