The design of compartmentalized colloids that exhibit biomimetic properties is providing model systems for developing synthetic cell-like entities (protocells). Inspired by the cell walls in plant cells, we developed a method to prepare membranized coacervates as protocell models by coating membraneless liquid-like microdroplets with a protective layer of rigid polysaccharides. Membranization not only endowed colloidal stability and prevented aggregation and coalescence but also facilitated selective biomolecule sequestration and chemical exchange across the membrane. The polysaccharide wall surrounding coacervate protocells acted as a stimuli-responsive structural barrier that enabled enzyme-triggered membrane lysis to initiate internalization and killing of Escherichia coli. The membranized coacervates were capable of spatial organization into structured tissue-like protocell assemblages, offering a means to mimic metabolism and cell-to-cell communication. We envision that surface engineering of protocells as developed in this work generates a platform for constructing advanced synthetic cell mimetics and sophisticated cell-like behaviors.

中文翻译：

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具有结构化多糖层的凝聚层原始细胞的植物细胞启发膜化

具有仿生特性的分隔胶体的设计为开发合成细胞样实体（原细胞）提供了模型系统。受植物细胞细胞壁的启发，我们开发了一种方法，通过用刚性多糖保护层包裹无膜液体状微滴，制备膜化凝聚层作为原始细胞模型。膜化不仅赋予胶体稳定性并防止聚集和聚结，而且还促进了选择性生物分子螯合和跨膜化学交换。凝聚层原始细胞周围的多糖壁充当刺激反应结构屏障，使酶触发的膜裂解能够启动内化和杀死大肠杆菌. 膜化凝聚层能够空间组织成结构化的组织样原始细胞组合，提供了一种模拟新陈代谢和细胞间通讯的方法。我们设想，在这项工作中开发的原始细胞表面工程将生成一个平台，用于构建高级合成细胞模拟物和复杂的细胞样行为。