Mitigating building energy use and carbon emissions in the buildings sector is a globally recognized goal. This is being pursued through the adoption of zero-energy building (ZEB) targets, with formal government regulations and policies actively embraced in domestic marketplaces. However, building assessment methods used for the ZEB certification system in South Korea have garnered substantial critique from building energy engineers and practitioners for their practical applicability. This study investigated energy consumption patterns of single-family residential buildings, focusing on two major energy end-use categories: lighting- and plug-loads. Empirical analyses and field measurement data were used to construct representative profiles of lighting and plug loads, as well as power density values, based on data from existing residential buildings. These distinct profiles of lighting and plug loads were used as input data for a residential ZEB evaluation. The measurement data from 60 detached houses in South Korea was utilized to derive four representative profiles for the category's loads. These profiles were subsequently employed for simulation-based analyses to assess load diversity. A whole-building energy simulation model was developed to conduct annual building energy analyses and assess ZEB certification based on the set and applied load profiles. Results showed that building energy consumption could vary by up to 23% based on different lighting load patterns and by as much as 58% for differing plug load patterns. These findings underline the importance of refining the current domestic ZEB certification process by considering the influence of diverse domestic load profiles on energy consumption and building certification grades.

减少建筑行业的建筑能源使用和碳排放是全球公认的目标。这是通过采用零能耗建筑 (ZEB) 目标来实现的，正式的政府法规和政策在国内市场中得到积极接受。然而，用于韩国 ZEB 认证体系的建筑评估方法因其实际适用性而受到建筑能源工程师和从业者的大量批评。本研究调查了单户住宅建筑的能源消耗模式，重点关注两个主要的能源终端使用类别：照明和插头负载。经验分析和现场测量数据用于构建照明和插头负载的代表性配置文件，以及功率密度值，基于现有住宅建筑的数据。这些不同的照明和插头负载配置文件被用作住宅 ZEB 评估的输入数据。来自韩国 60 座独立式住宅的测量数据被用来推导出该类别负载的四个代表性配置文件。这些配置文件随后用于基于模拟的分析，以评估负载多样性。开发了一个整体建筑能源模拟模型，以根据设定和应用的负载配置文件进行年度建筑能源分析和评估 ZEB 认证。结果表明，建筑能耗可能因不同的照明负载模式而变化高达 23%，因不同的插头负载模式而变化高达 58%。