Accessibility assessment of High-speed rail (HSR) should not be limited to station-to-station analysis, since “first and last mile” transport is crucial. Economic costs, time value, and travel time volatility significantly impact travel decisions but are underexplored. We conducted a multidimensional analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the accessibility of HSR stations from the perspective of departing passengers. With data collected from the API of navigation software, measurement methods for static characteristics of accessibility, including time accessibility, economic accessibility, and generalized travel cost accessibility, and dynamic characteristics, were proposed. In terms of dynamic characteristics, the daily fluctuation and long-period fluctuation of travel time were quantified using coefficients of variation. The empirical analysis was carried out for three cities with different scales and transportation system compositions, which are Chengdu, Mianyang, and Leshan. Results reveal significant time and economic accessibility advantages for private and public transport, respectively. The time value at the equilibrium point of the generalized travel cost between the two modes is higher in larger cities, reflecting greater reliance on public connecting transport in metropolitan areas. Private transport has a greater accessibility advantage in the areas of the HSR station away from the core city, while public transport has a more prominent advantage in other cases. Negative correlation is observed between daily fluctuations and linear distance, with public transport exhibiting weaker but more extreme fluctuations. During peak hours, private transport displays greater volatility towards the core urban area. These findings have important policy implications for HSR station location decisions and the planning and operation of connecting transport.

高速铁路 (HSR) 的可达性评估不应仅限于站到站的分析，因为“第一英里和最后一英里”的交通至关重要。经济成本、时间价值和旅行时间波动显着影响旅行决策，但尚未得到充分探索。我们从出发旅客的角度对高铁车站可达性的时空分布特征进行了多维度分析。利用导航软件API采集的数据，提出了时间可达性、经济可达性、广义出行成本可达性等静态可达性特征和动态特性的度量方法。在动态特性方面，旅行时间的每日波动和长期波动使用变异系数进行量化。对成都、绵阳、乐山三个规模和交通系统构成不同的城市进行了实证分析。结果显示，私人交通和公共交通分别具有显着的时间和经济可达性优势。两种模式之间广义出行成本平衡点的时间值在大城市较高，反映出大都市地区对公共交通的依赖程度更高。私人交通在高铁站点远离核心城市的区域具有更大的可达性优势，而公共交通在其他情况下具有更突出的优势。每日波动与线性距离之间观察到负相关，公共交通表现出更弱但更极端的波动。在高峰时段，私人交通向核心城区显示出更大的波动性。这些发现对高铁车站选址决策以及连接交通的规划和运营具有重要的政策意义。