Rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs) have been considered as highly competitive candidates for next-generation sustainable electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices due to their high theoretical specific energy density, low cost, high safety, and high metal abundance. However, the sluggish reaction kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the air cathode lead to high polarization, low efficiency, and nondurability circulation of rechargeable ZABs. Carbon-based non-noble single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been identified as promising bifunctional ORR/OER catalysts due to their maximum metal atom utilization efficiency, well-defined atomic geometry, high electrical conductivity, and flexibility. In this review, we reveal the advantages of carbon-based SACs on constructing non-novel ORR/OER bifunctional catalysts and present their application in ZABs. Finally, the summary and outlook are discussed with the aim of providing an essential guide for the development of rechargeable ZABs.

中文翻译：

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用于可充电锌空气电池的碳基非贵重单原子催化剂的最新进展

可充电锌空气电池（ZAB）因其高理论比能量密度、低成本、高安全性和高金属丰度而被认为是下一代可持续电化学能量转换和存储设备的极具竞争力的候选者。然而，空气阴极中氧还原反应（ORR）和析氧反应（OER）的缓慢反应动力学导致可充电ZAB的高极化、低效率和不耐用的循环。碳基非贵重单原子催化剂（SAC）因其最大的金属原子利用效率、明确的原子几何形状、高导电性和灵活性而被认为是有前途的双功能ORR/OER催化剂。在这篇综述中，我们揭示了碳基 SAC 在构建非新型 ORR/OER 双功能催化剂方面的优势，并介绍了它们在 ZAB 中的应用。最后进行了总结和展望，旨在为可充电ZAB的发展提供必要的指导。